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Kapitan China (also spelled Kapitan Cina, Capitan China, etc.) was a title given to leaders of overseas Chinese enclaves in Southeast Asia.〔The Kapitan System and Secret Societies published in Chinese politics in Malaysia: a history of the Malaysian Chinese Association - Page 14〕〔Southeast Asia-China interactions: reprint of articles from the Journal of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, Issue 25 of M.B.R.A.S. reprint, 2007, - Page 549〕 The local 15th century rulers of the region, such as Melaka (modern day Malacca) and Banten (or Bantam), chose to deal with a single individual from each ethnic group under their rule.〔Ooi, Keat Gin. ''Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor'', (p. 711 )〕〔Hwang, In-Won. ''Personalized Politics: The Malaysian State Under Matahtir'', (p. 56 )〕 This administrative method of indirect rule was later adopted by the Portuguese when they took over Melaka in the 16th century, as well as the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies, and the English in British Malaya.〔 Throughout Southeast Asia, Batavia (now Jakarta) arguably boasts the longest continuous history of the institution of ''Kapitan Cina''.〔The official website of the Koang Koan Archives at Leiden University.〕 In 1619, the Dutch appointed Souw Beng Kong, formerly ''Kapitan Cina'' of Bantam, as the first ''Kapitein der Chinezen'' of Batavia. Through Kapitein Beng Kong, then, the Batavian Captaincy succeeded the much-earlier institution of Kapitan Cina of Bantam. Batavia also produced probably Asia's only female Kapitan Cina, the so-called Nyai Bali, who was appointed officially to her post in 1649 by the Dutch East India Company.〔Yuan Bingling, "The Last Resort" in Blussé, Leonard & Chen, Menghong, ''The Archives of the Kongkoan of Batavia''(Den Haag, 2003), pp. 30–31)〕 The Batavian Captaincy ended in 1945 with the death of Khouw Kim An, the last ''Majoor der Chinezen'' of Batavia, possibly also the last such intermediary rulers in Southeast Asia. The issue of a ''Luitenant'', ''Kapitein'' or ''Majoor der Chinesen'' are entitled, by Peranakan custom, to the hereditary dignity of Sia. With the end of the colonial period, the title became purely an honorary one.〔 ==Kapiteins and Majoors of Batavia (present day Jakarta)== * 1619–1644: Kapitein Souw Beng Kong, formerly Kapitan Cina of Bantam * Kapitein Lay Soen Hie, Kapitan of Pasar Baroe, Batavia (Jakarta) * Kapitein Lim Lak Tjo * Kapitein Phoa Beng Gan * Kapitein Gan Djie * Kapitein Tjoa Hoan Giok * Kapitein Ni Hoe Kong * Majoor Tan Eng Goan * Majoor Tan Tjoet Tiat * Majoor Lie Tjian Tjoen * Majoor Tio Tek Ho * Majoor Khouw Kim An 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kapitan China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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